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Matthias Knutzen
Matthias Knutzen (also: ''Knuzen'', ''Knutsen'') (1646 – after 1674) was a German-languaged critic of religion and the author of three atheistic pamphlets. In modern Western history, he is the first atheist known by name and in person.〔W. Schröder, in: Matthias Knutzen, Schriften und Materialien (2010), p.8. Cf. also Rececca Moore, The Heritage of Western Humanism, Scepticism and Freethought (2011), calling Knutzen "the first open advocate of a modern atheist perspective" ()〕
== Life ==
Matthias Knutzen was born at Oldenswort (Schleswig-Holstein) early in 1646. His parents were Berend Knutzen, organist in Oldenswort and his wife Elisabeth (Elsebe). In the same year Knutzen was born his father died. As a boy, Knutzen was sent to his brother Johann Knutzen, an organist in Königsberg in East Prussia, and attended there a secondary school (the Altstädtisches Gymnasium) from 1661 to 1664. In 1664, he registered at the university of Königsberg and in 1668, at the University of Copenhagen to study theology. In between he earned some money as a private tutor. In 1673, he took a position as a village schoolteacher and auxiliary preacher in the Kremper Marsch (Schleswig-Holstein). However, he was dismissed at the end of that very year 1673, because he had sharply criticised the ecclesiastical authorities in his sermons. In the February 1674 he went to Rome and in the September 1674 to Jena (Thuringia). There, Knutzen distributed handwritten pamphlets with atheistic contents. The town and the university of Jena carried out an investigation. In order not to be arrested, Knutzen went first to Coburg and then to Altdorf near Nuremberg. On October 22, 1674, he was last seen in Jena. Then his track is lost. The author Johannes Moller wrote in his biography of North German writers, ''Cimbria Literata'' (printed in 1744), that Knutzen had died in an Italian monastery, but that was probably only an invention made up to discredit both Knutzen and the Roman Catholic church.〔W. Schröder, in: Matthias Knutzen, Schriften und Materialien (2010), p. 14〕
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